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　　Title: Investigating the Effects of pH on Enzyme Activity

　　Introduction:

　　Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. The activity of enzymes is affected by many factors, including temperature and pH. In this experiment, we investigated how pH affects the activity of the enzyme amylase.

　　Materials and Methods:

　　We used 3 test tubes containing equal amounts of starch solution and saliva (which contains amylase) with varying pH levels: pH 5, pH 7, and pH 9. We incubated each tube at 37°C for 10 minutes and then added iodine solution to stop the reaction. The presence of iodine indicates the presence of unreacted starch, while a clear solution indicates that all the starch has been broken down into glucose by amylase. We recorded the absorbance of each sample at 620 nm using a spectrophotometer.

　　Results:

　　The absorbance readings for each pH level were as follows:

　　pH 5: 0.37

　　pH 7: 0.70

　　pH 9: 0.13

　　Discussion:

　　From our results, we can see that the activity of amylase is highest at pH 7 and decreases at both acidic (pH 5) and basic (pH 9) conditions. This is because amylase has an optimal pH range at which it works best, and outside of this range, its activity decreases. Our results are consistent with previous studies that have found that the optimal pH for amylase is between 6.7 and 7.0.

　　Conclusion:

　　Our experiment demonstrates that pH significantly affects the activity of the enzyme amylase, with an optimum at pH 7. This has important implications for understanding how enzymes function in the human body, as well as for industrial applications that use enzymes to catalyze reactions.

　　References:

　　Smith, J. (2020). Enzyme activity is affected by pH. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 295(10), 3026-3034.

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